Guar means "cow food" in Hindi. For best growth, the guar bean requires full sunshine, flashing rainfalls that are moderately frequent, and well-drained soil. However, it is extremely drought-tolerant and thrives in semiarid regions. Too much precipitation can cause the plant to become more "leafy", thereby reducing the number of pods and/or the number of seeds per pod that affects the size and yield of seeds. The crop is sown after the first rains in July and harvested in late October. It is grown principally in northwestern India and Pakistan with smaller crops grown in the semiarid areas of the high plains of Texas in the USA, Australia and Africa. The most important growing area centres on Jodhpur in Rajasthan, India where demand for guar for fracking produced an agricultural boom as of 2012.
Currently, India is the main producers of clusterbean accounting 80% production of the total world, whereas Rajasthan occupies the largest area (82.1%) under guar clutivation in the country. In addition to its cultivation in India, the crop is also grown as cash crop in other parts of the world (Pathak et al 2010). India is the source of about 80% of the world production of guar gum. Several commercial growers have converted their crops to guar production to support the increasing demand for guar and other organic crops in the United States.
Guar seed is grown in the northwestern parts of country encompassing states of Rajasthan
(Churu, Nagaur, Banner, Sikar, Jodhpur, Ganganagar, Sirohi, Dausa, Bikaner, Hanumangarh
and Jhunjhunu), Gujarat (Kutch, Banaskantha, parts of Mehsana, Sabarkantha, Vadodara
and Ahmedabad), Harayana (Bhiwani, Gurgaon, Mahendragrh and Rewari) and Punjab
(Bhatinda, Ferozpur, Muktsar and Mansa).
Rajasthan is the largest growing state of Guar seed in the country accounting for 70% of
total production. The other producers are Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and
Madhya Pradesh.
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