INTRODUCTION

1.1. Guar Gum History
Guar is a native to the Indian subcontinent. Guar is grown mainly in India, Pakistan, United States and also in some part of Africa and Australia.In old times, Guar was only used as rich protein to feed cattle. It is also used as green vegetable in India. After Second World War there was major shortage of locust bean gum which adversely affected the textile and paper industries. At that time Guar Gum was found as the most suitable substitute for scarce locust bean gum. In 1953 the extraction technology of guar gum was commercialized in USA and India after decade of period.
1.2. Guar Plant
The guar plant is an annual plant known as 'Cyamopsis Tetragonaloba'. The important source of Nutrition to human and animals is The legume, it regenerates soil nitrogen and the endosperm of guar seed is an important hydrocolloid widely used across a broad spectrum of industries.The guar plant flourishes in extremely drought resistant and semiarid regions where most plants perish. It grows best in sandy soils. The ideal areas for farming are West, Northwest India and parts of Pakistan. The major processing centers of Guar Gum are in the North Western states in India. The guar plant grows from 2 feet to 9 feet high. The plant’s flower buds start out white and change to a light pink as the flower opens. The flowers turn deep purple and are followed by fleshy seed pods which ripen and harvested in summer.The seed pods grow in clusters giving guar the common name cluster-bean. A gum extracted from the guar beans forms a gel in water, commonly referred to as guar gum. Guar is extremely drought Agri resistant and thrives in semi-arid regions where few plants thrive. When limited moisture is available the plant will stop growing but does not die. Guar gum is also known as guarkernmehl, guaran, goma guar, gomme guar and galactomannan.
2. Guar gum
Guar gum, also called guaran, is a galactomannan.. Guar gum is an extract of the guar bean, where it 
acts as a food and water store. The guar bean is principally grown in India and Pakistan, with smaller 
crops grown in the U.S., Australia, China, and Africa. The drought-resistant guar bean can be eaten as a 
green bean, fed to cattle, or used in green manure. The guar seeds are dehusked, milled and screened
to obtain the guar gum. It is typically produced as a free-flowing, pale, off-white colored, coarse to fine 
ground powder. Indeed Guar is vegetable, India is native of guar or cluster bean where it is used as a 
vegetable. For hundreds of years Guar has been used as vegetable in India. It is also used as a cattle 
food, and as a green manure crop in agriculture. 
Guar gum comes from the endosperm of the seed of the legume plant Cyamopsis tetragonoloba; an 
annual plant, grown in dry regions of India as a food crop for animals. There are various grades of Guar 
gums pure or derivative. Guar gum is a white to creamy colored, free flowing powder and free from 
extraneous matter. Its ability to suspend solids, bind water by hydrogen bonding, control the viscosity 
of aqueous solutions, form strong tough films have accounted for its rapid growth and use in various Agri Exchange industries. For example guar gum is used in paper, textile, oil drilling, mining, explosives, ore flotation and other various industrial applications.
2.1. Guar harvesting period
A growing season of guar is 14 to 16 weeks and requires reasonably warm weather and moderate 
flashing rainfall with plenty of sunshine. Too much rain can cause the plant to become more 'leafy' 
resulting thereby reducing the number of pods or the number of seeds per pod which affects the size 
and yield of seeds. The crop is generally sown after the monsoon rainfall in the second half of July to 
early August and is harvested in late October early November. The Guar is a naturally rain fed crop. 
Depending on the monsoon rainfall the total size of Guar crop varies from year to year. After 
harvesting, when the pods become dry through sunlight, they are beaten off and during this process, 
the seeds come out of the pods.
2.2. Seasonality 
The seed is normally sown during the second half of July to August after the monsoon rainfall starts, 
and harvested during October and November. The crop requires 3-4 spells of rain during seed setting 
and maturing, which is during September first week and the end of September.Sowing Crop growth Peak arrivals Lean arrivals Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May 
2.3. Areas of Cultivation: 
Guar is a crop of semi arid–sub tropical areas spread over the North and North West of India and East 
and South East of Pakistan. Guar is grown in arid zones of Rajasthan, some parts of Gujarat, Harayana, 
Madhya Pradesh. Jodhpur City in the North Western state of Rajasthan in India is the most important 
processing centre of Guar Gum and contributes approximately 40% of the worldʹ s Guar Gum supply. 
This crop is a drought‐tolerant, warm‐weather, deep‐rooted summer‐growing annual legume. It grows 
well in soils of low fertility in the arid and semi‐arid areas of the tropics and subtropics where the 
rainfall is summer‐dominant. The main areas of cultivation of Guargum in India are Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana , Punjab , Uttar Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh , Tamil Nadu , Maharashtra , Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh Agri Exchange

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